The Viceroy

Viceroy — a historical position (rank, title) in Russia, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and other countries, the head of a large administrative-territorial unit.

Viceroy (representative of the prince) inIn ancient Russia — the head of the local government body, who was appointed by the prince to cities and their counties. Viceroys replaced posadniks and were kept on the basis of feeding.

Since the board After Ivan IV, the importance of governors began to decrease, and from the XVIII century, governors in Russia were replaced by voivodes and governors-general after the establishment of provinces in the Russian Empire in 1775. Later, the title of "viceroy" was retained for the governors-General of the Kingdom of Poland (until 1874) and Caucasus (before 1883), restored in 1905.

In 1903, it was established Viceroyalty of the Far East, abolished in 1906 after the loss of Russia Kwantung region.

Russia

in the X — XII centuries, viceroys — posadniks, feeders) - assistants to the prince in the field.

In the XII-XVII centuries , the viceroy (more precisely, the prince-viceroy) was responsible for local administration, in particular, he ruled counties.

Novgorod bishops appointed vicars, who in this case were similar to vicars. Finds of seals of episcopal vicars inIn Staraya Ladoga, it is proved that the bishops ruled the city with the help of vicars. The manuscripts also repeatedly mention viceroys.

The Russian State

Governors, along with volostels, were the main link in the local government system of the Moscow state in the second half of the XV-first half of the XVI century. Similar powers were given to members of the Sovereign's court, starting with duma ranks and ending with elected nobles. They received land for feeding. At the same time, there was a direct dependence of the status (and hence the amount of managerial powers) and profitability of the city on the position in the local hierarchy of the employee who headed it.. The competence of the governors extended to all areas of local life, however, the responsibility for the region entrusted to the governor was also high, especially for border areas or recently incorporated regions. The viceroy performed numerous functions with the help of tiun serfs. Broad and insufficiently defined powers of governors, frequent disregard for the assigned functions, the performance of which was, moreover, not always mandatory (feeding was considered a reward for previous military or civil service, which allowed to improve the financial situation), soon became a serious obstacle to further state centralization. The governors were replaced by voivodes.

Russian Empire

In 1775-1796 inOf the Russian Empire (when Catherine II) viceroy-head of the viceroyalty, later renamed provinces.

In the XIX-early XX century, there were three positions of the governor:

in the Kingdom of Poland (1815-1874)

in Caucasian Viceroyalty (1844-1883, 1905-1917)

in Viceroyalty of the Far East (1903-1905).

Sometimes the governor is confused with the Governor-General. But, for example, while M. S. Vorontsov was the governor Bessarabia (1823-1844), where at that time seven governors-general were replaced, while he himself was also governor-General Novorossiya.

Other

In the XIX-early XX century, the rank (position) of the viceroy was analogous to the rank (position) of the viceroy in Russia.The British Empire.

Viceroy (northern dialecticism) — the owner or manager of a ship and an artel in the marine animal industry.

A vicar (in the Russian Orthodox Church) is a religious clergyman (hieromonk, abbot, or archimandrite) appointed by a bishop to manage a monastery subordinate to him.